Using two in vivo critical models, i.e., full-thickness excisional wound and myocardial infarction models, the MASS release platform was evaluated for its in vivo feasibility as an angiogenesis-inducing platform and demonstrated effective angiogenesis as well as functional regenerative efficacy. The microparticle-based angiogenic-molecule spatiotemporal sequential (MASS) release platform showed good adhesion and underwater durability, and its elasticity was close to that of target tissue. These PDGF-loaded microparticles were blended with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is the initial-phase angiogenic factor, in MAP-based pregel solution and finally crosslinked in situ into a hydrogel at the desired site. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which is a late-phase angiogenic factor, was efficiently encapsulated during the process of coacervate microparticle formation. Polycationic MAP formed complex coacervate liquid microdroplets with polyanionic hyaluronic acid and subsequently gelated into microparticles. In the present work, we developed a bioengineered mussel adhesive protein (MAP)-based novel therapeutic angiogenesis platform capable of spatiotemporally releasing angiogenic growth factors to target disease sites with high viscosity and strong adhesiveness in a mucus-containing environment with curvature. However, effective strategies for mimicking angiogenic processes in the body have not yet been developed. Thus, therapeutic angiogenesis has been spotlighted as an attractive strategy.

Damaged vascular structures after critical diseases are difficult to completely restore to their original conditions without specific treatments.

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